Olaudah Equiano
The African Slave Trade
Olaudah Equiano’s "The African Slave Trade” was
a personal narrative of what he and many African slaves had undergone
during their voyage from Western Africa to the New World. He represented
a true and graphic view of their conditions and treatments, from
what he experienced, as well as witnessed.
The conditions, in which he and the slaves had undergone, during
their journey to the New World, were crowded and unsanitary. Where
Equiano explains, “I received such a salutation in my nostrils
as to have never experienced in my life so that with the loathsomeness
of the stench, I became so sick and low that I was unable to eat...(pp74)
and also in “...the air became unfit for respiration, from
a variety of loathsome smells, and brought in a sickness among the
slaves, of which many died. (pp.76) During their journey, they were
forced to sleep on the bare wooden floors, which caused the shin
covering their elbows to be worn away to the bare bones, and it
was so crowded that each person had scarcely any room to even turn;
it was constantly near suffocation, and many had succumbed to lack
of oxygen.(Mannix and Cowley 43) Their lodging rooms were about
five feet high – the height was divided toward the middle
for the slaves lie in two rows, one above the other, on each side
of the ship, close together like books upon a shelf. Every man was
allowed a space six feet long by sixteen inches wide and usually
about two feet, seven inches high; women and children were put in
even smaller spaces in order to allow more slaves on board.
Their treatments were worst than that of beast and burden, suffering
untold numbers of indignities, not to mention any number of physical
horrors. In addition, they were kept sequestered under deck, especially
at times when the ship was being made for underway. In order to
keep them ignorant to the techniques and methods of sailing such
a large vessel, they did this in fear that if they had learned to
sail the ship they would take it over. For this has been the case
in at least fifty-five recorded mutinies during the period between
1750-1845 (Mannix and Cowley 46).
Many slaves were severely flogged, as punishment for not eating
when they had been told. One in which was Equiano’s refusal
as stated, “...on my refusal to eat, one of them held me fast
by the hands, laid me across, I think the windlass, and tied my
feet while the other flogged me severely.” Some attempted
to put hot coals in their lips as another way of threaten them to
eat and in other cases they would tie their legs, and notches were
hammered between the slaves teeth; when the thumbscrew was tightened,
the legs of the instrument separated, forcing open the slaves mouth,
then the food was poured in a funnel. Some of the Africans refused
to eat due to the fact that the slave traders served them, the white
man’s food the consisted of boiled rice, cornmeal, and horse
beans, instead of the original African cuisine of yams and manioc,
not to mention the stench of being in the hole made them sick to
even think of food. The conditions were so intolerable, that many
whom preferring death to slavery, would leap over board in order
to escape tyranny. If unsuccessful in their endeavor they were recaptured,
brought back aboard ship and would be flogged to the brink of near
death, and in spite of this, many others would still try to affect
their release from this hennas bondage; death once being an unreasonable
choice; now made reasonable.
Misery is more competently conveyed, through descriptions and
experiences, for himself and for the hundreds of African slaves
aboard the slave ship. As he explains, his own personal fears, and
his level of apprehension were all testimony to the experience,
with him even coming even closer to desiring death over his present
circumstance. Now their journey on the ship has finally come to
an end, but that does not conclude the misery they now had to endure
when they had to set foot on land. They were conducted to the merchant’s
yard where they were all pent up like sheep in a fold with no regard
to their sex or age(pp77), confined to be picked up out by a buyer
whose choice of parcel he liked best. Even if that meant he would
separate friends or family, it’s bad enough that they were
torn from their country and their love ones back home, but again
be separated even further where parents to lose their children,
brothers their sisters, or husbands their wives (pp.78). This just
corroborates the misery in which they were suffering.
“O ye nominal Christians! Might not an African ask you-
Learned you this from your God, who says unto you, Do unto all men
as you would men should do unto you?” (Pp78) Why must a person
be treated in such a manner as to be abused not only physically
but mentally and would you want to be so dehumanized, because of
the color of your skin or the beliefs you have for a different form
of God? I feel no man should transgress another man regardless of
the status in society, because no matter what origin you are from
you are still human and of God’s creation.
Equiano’s writings had created a foundation in history that
gave reason for establishing equality not only among those of color,
but all men, women, and children. By having us feel their pain,
and suffering through his words, he has made us see, in our minds,
the inhumanity that was forced upon these individuals. He has made
us realize the cruelty that was their existence, to imprint it as
a lesson, so as not to repeat it. Through education we have learned
from history, the meaning of our Declaration of Independence, which
states, “That all men are created equal”, and deciphered,
its true just cause, and have utilized it, to this present day,
for all creeds and by doing so we have successfully prevented history
form repeating itself.
Equiano’s work relates to American Studies in the same way
that many other great works of literature have illustrated, such
as Harriet Beecher Stowe’s “Uncle Tom’s Cabin”
or John Steinbeck’s Grapes of Wrath” each explain the
human condition of struggle, from the tyranny of the slave traders
to the seemingly hopeless trek of the migrants from the dust bowl
of Oklahoma. They give us a clear understanding of the condition
in which these people found themselves. These books have informed
the uninformed, in order to use it as a tool to help understand
our fellow man, as well as realize how far the United States of
America has come to achieving it’s true goal of being a free
country for all.
Mannix DP, Cowley M. Cargoes: The Atlantic Slave Trade 1518- 1865.
New York: The Viking Press, 1962.
Olaudah
Equiano (1745-1797)
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